Diverticulitis apendicular, como diagnóstico diferencial / Appendiceal diverticulitis as differential diagnosis

RESUMEN La diverticulitis apendicular (DA) es una patología poco frecuente, considerada clínicamente indistinguible de la apendicitis aguda, aunque podría presentar una sintomatología más leve. Este es el caso de un paciente masculino de 59 años, que concurre al Servicio de Urgencias presentando signos y síntomas sugestivos de una apendicitis aguda; una ecografía informa un asa tubular parcialmente compresible de 7,8 mm de diámetro y una fina banda de líquido laminar, compatible con proceso apendicular agudo. La apendicectomía se realizó de manera convencional evidenciándose un apéndice inflamado principalmente en su región distal. La histología reveló diverticulitis apendicular complicada con rotura. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente y se externó a las 24 horas. Existe una asociación de DA y neoplasia apendicular, por lo que se recomienda una colonoscopia y el seguimiento de este tipo de pacientes.

ABSTRACT Appendiceal diverticulitis (AD) is a rare condition considered clinically identical to acute appendicitis although it may present milder symptoms. We report the case of a 59-year-old male patient who visited the emergency department due to signs and symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis. An abdominal ultrasound showed partially compressible tubular loop with a diameter of 7.8 mm and a thin band of laminar fluid, consistent with acute appendiceal process. During conventional appendectomy the appendix had signs of inflammation, mainly in the distal region. The histology revealed appendiceal diverticulitis complicated with rupture. The patient had favorable outcome and was discharged 24 hours later. As, there is a clear association between AD and appendiceal neoplasms, colonoscopy and patient monitoring is recommended.

La enfermedad diverticular hoy: revisión de la evidencia / Diverticular disease today: evidence review

Resumen La enfermedad diverticular es muy prevalente con gran repercusión económica y médica. A pesar de las múltiples guías para protocolizar el diagnóstico y tratamiento no existe unanimidad en su manejo. Hemos realizado una revisión actualizada con el objetivo de analizar los nuevos estudios de esta enfermedad, para manejarla adecuadamente y realizar el tratamiento más adecuado en cada momento. La enfermedad diverticular tiene un componente hereditario (40%) y presenta una relación directa con la dieta pobre en fibra, la obesidad, el consumo de carne roja, la inactividad, el alcohol y los AINEs. Por su clínica inespecífica, es difícil realizar un diagnóstico diferencial. La ecografía y el TC abdominal son métodos apropiados para el diagnóstico y se recomienda una colonoscopia de manera precoz (4ᵃ-8ᵃ semana) tras el cuadro agudo. La clasificación más seguida es la de Hinchey. En el tratamiento médico de la diverticulosis sintomática no se ha demostrado evidencia clara de ningún medicamento. La diverticulitis aguda no complicada se puede manejar ambulatoriamente y no es necesario el uso de antibióticos en pacientes sin factores de riesgo. En la diverticulitis complicada se tiende a un manejo conservador, aunque en el Hinchey III y IV el tratamiento es quirúrgico, recomendando la resección de la zona afecta y si es posible anastomosis con o sin estoma de protección. No se recomienda el lavado y drenaje en el Hinchey III. Hay que consensuar tratamiento de forma individualizada ya que no se recomienda tratamiento quirúrgico por el número de recurrencias ni por edad del paciente.

The diverticular disease is a prevalent condition with a great economic and medical repercussion. Despite the multiple guidelines available to protocolize diagnosis and treatment, there is not unanimity in its management. We have carried out an updated review with the aim of analyzing new studies of the disease, to manage it properly and to carry out the most appropriate treatment at each time. Diverticular disease has an inherited component (40%) and it is directly related to low fiber diet, obesity, consumption of red meat, inactivity, alcohol and NSAIDs. Due to its nonspecific symptoms, it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis. Ultrasound and abdominal CT are appropriate methods for diagnosis and early colonoscopy is recommended (4th-8th week) after acute symptoms. The most followed classification is the Hinchey Score. There is no clear evidence of the superiority of any drug in the treatment of symptomatic diverticulosis. Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis can be managed on an outpatient and the use of antibiotics is not necessary in patients without risk factors. Conservative management tends to be used in complicated diverticulitis, although in Hinchey III and IV the treatment is surgical, recommending resection of the affected area and, if possible, anastomosis with or without a protective stoma. Washing and draining is not recommended in the Hinchey III. Treatment must be agreed on an individual basis since surgical treatment is not recommended due to the number of recurrences or the age of the patient.

Enfermedad diverticular yeyuno-ileal complicada tratada quirúrgicamente: serie de 12 casos y revisión de literatura / Complicated jejunoileal diverticular disease: a 12 cases' serie and literature review

Objetivo: Realizar un análisis retrospectivo de una serie de casos de diverticulitis yeyuno-ileal complicadas tratadas quirúrgicamente en nuestro servicio durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2002 al 2015. Materiales y métodos: Se trató quirúrgicamente 12 casos de diverticulosis yeyuno-ileal complicadas, 7 mujeres y 5 varones. La edad media fue 76 años. La presentación clínica en todos los casos fue dolor abdominal agudo, uno de ellos con hemorragia digestiva. Todos presentaron leucocitosis, neutrofilia y aumento de reactantes de fase aguda. A todos los pacientes se les realizó TAC abdominal urgente. Resultados: En 11 casos hubo congruencia entre estudio de imagen y hallazgos quirúrgicos. La localización de los divertículos fue yeyuno (9) e íleon (3). Siempre se realizó laparotomía exploradora urgente encontrándose perforación diverticular con peritonitis (7 casos), perforación diverticular con absceso (4 casos) y en un caso un área isquémica con perforación diverticular tras embolización. Se realizó siempre resección intestinal y anastomosis. En ningún caso se conocía previamente el diagnóstico de diverticulosis yeyuno-ileal. Nuestras complicaciones fueron: Clavien I (2), Clavien IIIa (1), Clavien IVb (1), Clavien V (1). Conclusiones: La diverticulitis yetuno-ileal es una entidad infrecuente, suele ser la forma de debut de una enfermedad diverticular no conocida previamente. El TAC abdominal es de gran utilidad diagnóstica. La resección del segmento afecto es el tratamiento de elección

Objective: To perform a retrospective analysis of a series of complicated JID (jejunoileal diverticulitis) cases surgically treated in our service during the period from 2002 to 2015. Materials and methods: We treated 12 cases of jejunoileal complicated diverticulosis. 7 women and 5 men. The mean age was 76 years. The clinical presentation in all cases was acute abdominal pain, one with gastrointestinal bleeding. All cases had leukocytosis, neutrophilia and increased acute phase reactants. All patients underwent emergency abdominal CT. Results: In 11 cases, there was consistency between imaging studies and surgical findings. Diverticula were located: jejunum (9) and ileum (3). Urgent exploratory laparotomy was always done and findings were: diverticular perforation with peritonitis (7 cases), diverticular perforation with abscess (4 cases) and in one case an ischemic area with diverticular perforation after embolization. Intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed in all cases. There were no patients, in which the diagnosis of diverticulosis jejunoileal was previously known. Complications were: Clavien I (2), Clavien IIIa (1), Clavien IVb (1), Clavien V (1). Conclusions: Jejunoileal diverticulitis is a rare entity, usually the first sign of onset of diverticular disease not previously known. Abdominal CT is of great diagnostic value. Resection of the affected segment is the treatment of choice

Enfermedad diverticular: mitos y realidades / Diverticular disease: myths and realities

Diverticulosis and diverticular disease of the colon are common conditions in Western countries. The incidence and prevalence of these diseases are increasing and becoming significant for health systems. A growing body of knowledge is shifting the paradigm of the pathogenesis and treatment of diverticular disease. Low-grade inflammation, altered intestinal microbiota, visceral hypersensitivity, and abnormal colonic motility have been identified as factors leading to diverticular disease. The risk of developing diverticulitis among individuals with diverticulosis is lower than 10 to 25%. Studies indicate that diverticular disease may become a chronic disorder in some patients, not merely an acute illness. Contrary to the advice from international guidelines, studies have not shown that a high-fiber diet protects against diverticulosis. The evidence about the use of antibiotics in uncomplicated diverticulitis is sparse and of low quality. In relation to surgery, studies support a more conservative approach to prophylactic surgery in patients with recurrent disease or chronic symptoms. Finally, new pathophysiological knowledge suggests that other treatments may be useful (mesalamine, rifaximin and probiotics). However, more research is necessary to validate the safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these strategies.

Jejunal diverticulitis as a cause of acute abdomen / Abdome agudo por diverticulite de jejuno

Jejunoileal diverticulosis is an uncommon and underdiagnosed condition. Most patients are asymptomatic and require no specific treatment. A few patients, however, present life-threatening complications that may require surgical intervention. The purpose of this report is to illustrate a case of jejunoileal diverticulosis manifested as an acute abdomen.

A doença diverticular do intestino delgado é uma entidade incomum e pouco diagnosticada. A maioria dos casos não apresenta sintomas e não necessita de tratamento específico. Alguns pacientes, no entanto, podem evoluir com complicações da doença e necessitar de tratamento cirúrgico. O objetivo deste relato é ilustrar um caso de diverticulose jejunal que evoluiu para um quadro de abdome agudo.

Enfrentamiento actual de la enfermedad diverticular complicada. visión del gastroenterólogo / Current approach to complicated diverticular disease by the gastroenterologist

Prevalence of colonic diverticulosis is increasing, although usually asymptomatic. Acute diverticulitis (AD)is the most frequent complications, afflicting 1-2 percent of cases in the long term. Diagnosis and classification of AD can usually be accomplished by simple clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. Ultrasonography and CT scan are the most frequently used imaging tests to confirm diagnosis and detect complications. Modifications to the classical Hinchey classification have incorporated uncomplicated AD (without abscess or perforation), the most frequent presentation, allowing to suggest therapy according to the severity of the disease. Uncomplicated AD usually has a benign course, does not require hospitalization and there is growing evidence suggesting that antibiotics are not required. Recurrence is uncommon and with low risk. The number of recurrences by itself is no more a valid criterion to indicate surgery and most patients should be managed medically, although there are no drugs with proven utility to modify the risk of recurrence. Complicated AD can be managed with intravenous antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of abscesses. Surgery is indicated in case of free perforation or diffuse peritonitis. There is a growing trend to use laparoscopic approach and perform peritoneal lavage, without resection in the emergency setting. However, many patients will require resective surgery during the follow-up. The classical paradigms that have guided the approach to colonic diverticulosis are being challenged by the lack of evidence, but the new ones still have to be constructed. For now, we must tolerate high levels of uncertainty and heterogeneity in the management of this common condition.

La diverticulosis colónica ha aumentado su frecuencia, es generalmente asintomática y se complica entre 1-2 por ciento a largo plazo, siendo la diverticulitis aguda (DA) la complicación más frecuente. El diagnóstico y categorización de la DA puede realizarse en base a las manifestaciones clínicas y exámenes de laboratorio simple. Las imágenes más utilizadas son la ecotomografía y la tomografía computada. Se han sugerido modificaciones a la clásica clasificación de Hinchey, que incorporan la DA no complicada y permiten sugerir la terapia de acuerdo a la gravedad. La DA no complicada (sin absceso ni perforación) es la presentación clínica más frecuente. Su evolución es benigna, no requiere hospitalización y existe evidencia creciente que cuestiona la utilidad de los antibióticos. La recurrencia es infrecuente y de bajo riesgo. El número de recurrencias no es un criterio válido para indicar la cirugía. La DA complicada puede manejarse con antibióticos intravenosos y drenaje percutáneo de abscesos. La cirugía está indicada en caso de perforación libre o peritonitis difusa. Existe una tendencia creciente a realizar aseo por vía laparoscópica, sin resección. La mayor parte de los pacientes con DA complicada requieren cirugía resectiva durante la evolución, mientras que aquellos con DA no complicada son de manejo médico, aunque no existen fármacos con utilidad demostrada para modificar el riesgo de recurrencia. Los paradigmas que han guiado el enfrentamiento de la diverticulosis colónica están siendo cuestionados por la falta de evidencia, por lo que, por ahora, debemos tolerar altos niveles de incerteza y heterogeneidad en el manejo de esta frecuente patología.

Diverticulitis apendicular: Estudio comparativo de 7 casos versus 442 apendicitis agudas / [Appendiceal diverticulitis: comparative study of 7 cases versus 442 acute appendicitis].

BACKGROUND: Appendiceal diverticulitis (AD) is a rare cause of acute appendicitis (AA) which is most frequently diagnosed after appendectomy in pathological study. OBJECTIVE: To compare AA versus AD. METHODS: Retrospective analytic study in avperiod of 51 months fom January 2009 to March 2013 in the Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante (Spain), including patients with clinical or radiological suspicious of acute appendicitis which was confirmed intraoperatively and with the pathological study. RESULTS: We included 449 patients, 442 typical AA (98.5

) and 7AD (1.5

). DA was more frequent in women (57

) with a median age of 44 years old (range 37 to 57 years old), whereas AA was more frequent in men (61

) with a median age of 28 years old (range 15 to 46 years old). Leukocyte count, neutrophils and C-reactive protein were respectively 13,300 per mm3 (range 10,700 to 15,700 per mm3), 87.1

(range 84.6 to 89.6

) and 1.82 mg/dL (range 0.59 to 5.31 mg/dL) in AD versus 14,700 per mm3 (range 12,300 to 17,600 per mm), 81.6

(range 75.1 to 86.4

) and 2.71 mg/dL (range 0.67 to 75 mg/dL) in AA. Alvarado score and appendicitis diagnostic score were respectively 7 (range 6 to 8) and 6 (range 5 to 7) in AD and 7 (range 5 to 7) and 6 (range 5 to 6) in AA. An appendiceal perforation was seen in 3 AD (43

) and 80 AA (18

). CONCLUSION: AD appeared in older patients with a clinical and blood test profile similar to AA but with a higher perforation rate.

Diagnóstico y manejo médico de la enfermedad diverticular complicada / Diagnosis and medical management of complicated diverticular disease

Diverticulosis is a very frequent condition in elderly patients, reaching an incidence of 66 percent among those patients over 80 years old. It is located primarily in the left colon, being the sigmoid colon the most frequent location. The diverticular disease can present complications in different ways: haemorrhage, estenosis, inflammation and infection. The diverticular inflammation or diverticulitis can present a benign and slight course, or present complications. Its course will depend on the inflammation and magnitude of the diverticular perforation. In patients with micro-perforation, the inflammatory reaction is localized in the zone of the affected diverticula. On the other hand, when the patient has a major diverticular perforation, the course of the disease can lead to the formation of abscesses, purulent peritonitis, fecal peritonitis, fistulizations to adjacent organs or estenosis. The preferred diagnosis technique is the abdomino-pelvic CT scan with contrast, which allows the guided drain of collections in some cases. The specific management of complicated acute diverticulitis will depend on the type and location of affectation, requiring surgical treatment in a large number of cases.

La diverticulosis es una condición muy frecuente en pacientes mayores, llegando a una incidencia de 66 por ciento en pacientes mayores de 80 años. Se localiza mayoritariamente en el colon izquierdo, siendo el colon sigmoides la localización más frecuente. La enfermedad diverticular puede complicarse de distintas maneras: hemorragia, estenosis, inflamación e infección. La inflamación diverticular o diverticulitis puede presentar un curso leve y benigno o bien presentar complicaciones. Su curso dependerá del grado de inflamación y magnitud de la perforación diverticular. En pacientes con microperforación la reacción inflamatoria está localizada en la zona del divertículo afectado, en cambio, pacientes con perforaciones diverticulares mayores pueden cursar con formación de abscesos, peritonitis purulenta, peritonitis fecaloídea, fistulizaciones a órganos adyacentes o estenosis. La técnica diagnóstica de elección es el TC de abdomen y pelvis con contraste, el cual permite también el drenaje guiado de algunas colecciones. El manejo específico de la diverticulitis aguda complicada dependerá del tipo de afectación y su localización, requiriendo tratamiento quirúrgico en un gran número de casos.

Diagnóstico e tratamento da diverticulite aguda / Diagnosis and treatment of acute diverticulitis

Durante as últimas décadas, novos conhecimentos sobre a história natural da diverticulite aguda (DA) modificaram os paradigmas a respeito do tratamento. Estudos recentes demonstraram um papel menos importante da antibioticoterapia agressiva e intervenção cirúrgica na diverticulite crônica ou recorrente do que antes se achava necessário.1

During the last decades, new knowledge about the acute diverticulitis natural history have modified treatment paradigms. Recent studies demonstrate a smaller role for aggressive antibiotic and surgical intervention for chronic or recurrent diverticulitis than was previously thought necessary.

Diverticulitis vesical: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bladder diverticulitis: case report and literature review

Se presenta un caso de diverticulitis vesical en un paciente de 60 años con antecedente de obstrucción crónica al tracto de salida vesical (estenosis uretral), quien consulta por dolor pelviano inespecífico. Por lo anterior se realiza Resonancia Magnética (RM) de pelvis, que demuestra la presencia de un divertículo vesical de pared engrosada con cambios inflamatorios, los que comprometen además, la grasa peri-vesical. Este divertículo había sido detectado en RM pelviana un año antes. Se comenta el caso clínico, sus hallazgos a la RM y revisión de la literatura...

We report a case of bladder diverticulitis in a 60 years old patient with a history of chronic lower urinary tract obstruction (urethral stricture), who consulted for nonspecific pelvic pain. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained, demonstrating the presence of a bladder diverticulum with a thick wall and inflammatory changes involving the perivesical fat. The diverticulum had been detected on pelvic MRI a year earlier. We discuss the clinical case, the MRI findings and a review of the literature....

Diagnóstico e manejo da diverticulite aguda / Diagnosis and management of acute diverticulitis

O presente trabalho destina-se a elucidar o tratamento recomendado para as diferentes fases da diverticulite, assim como também esclarece aspectos da progressão da doença diverticular para o processo inflamatório que ocorre no intestino.

This paper is intended to elucidate the recommended treatment for the different stages of diverticulitis, as well as light aspects of diverticular disease progression to the inflammatory process that occurs in the intestine.

Presentación de dos casos interesantes de divertículos epifrénicos operados por toracoscopia / Presentation of two interesting cases of epiphrenic diverticula operated on by thoracoscopy

El divertículo epifrénico es una enfermedad poco frecuente, pero constituye el 20 por ciento de los divertículos del esófago, y se consideran falsos porque están constituidos, fundamentalmente, por mucosa y submucosa, y se deben a trastornos de la motilidad esofágica e incoordinación del esfínter esofágico inferior. Su localización más frecuente es en los últimos 10 a 12 cm del esófago distal, por lo que muchos lo llaman supra diafragmáticos. Su síntoma fundamental es la disfagia, aunque en ocasiones cursan asintomáticos, sobre todo, los pequeños, y tienen indicaciones quirúrgicas precisas. Se presentan 2 pacientes operados en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía Endoscópica en los meses comprendidos entre noviembre de 2009 y marzo de 2010, con diagnóstico de divertículos esofágicos epifrénicos. Se muestran los complementarios para el diagnóstico, el proceder quirúrgico con la vía utilizada y las complicaciones(AU)

The epiphrenic diverticulum is an uncommon disease, but account for the 20 percent of esophageal diverticula and are considered as falses due to its constitution mainly by mucosa and submucosa and are provoked by esophageal motility disorders and no coordination of lower esophageal sphincter therefore called supradiaphragmatic. Its fundamental symptom is the dysphagia, although occasionally becomes asymptomatic mainly the small ones and have precise surgical prescriptions. Author present two cases operated on the National Center of Endoscopic Surgery during November, 2009 and March, 2010 diagnosed with epiphrenic esophageal diverticula. Complementary analysis for diagnosis, the surgical procedure and the route used as well as the complications are showed(AU)

Perforated diverticulitis of the appendix: ultrasonographic diagnosis / Diverticulite perfurada do apêndice cecal: diagnóstico ultrassonográfico

Appendiceal diverticulitis is an uncommon condition, mimicking appendicitis, but with greater risk of perforation and complications. Preoperative diagnosis is rare, but can be achieved by ultrasonography as identification of the diverticulum and classical signs of appendicitis. We report a case of ultrasonographic diagnosis of a perforated appendiceal diverticulitis in an adult male and discuss this condition.

A diverticulite do apêndice é uma patologia incomum, eventualmente confundida com a apendicite cecal, tendo, porém, maior risco de perfuração e de outras complicações. Seu diagnóstico pré-cirúrgico é raramente realizado, mas pode ser obtido pela ultrassonografia com a demonstração de um divertículo associado a sinais clássicos de apendicite. Relatamos o caso de um homem adulto em que foi possível o diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de diverticulite do apêndice cecal e revisamos os principais aspectos relacionados a essa condição.

Tratamiento actual de la diverticulitis aguda: [revisión] / Current treatment of the acute diverticulitis acute: [review]

Cuando la diverticulitis aguda es diagnosticada tardíamente y los síntomas clínicos son evidentes aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones y la mortalidad. El objetivo principal de esta revisión es recordar la importancia de la valoración inicial y recordar la importancia de considerar esta patología en el diagnóstico diferencial hecho en el servicio de urgencias. La diverticulitis es una alteración que se puede presentar en la población menor de 50 años de una manera agresiva, afectando el colon izquierdo, principalmente. Es una enfermedad subdiagnosticada y, cuando se hace el diagnóstico en forma tardía, aumentan la estancia hospitalaria y las secuelas. Se ha clasificado en diverticulitis aguda complicada y no complicada. El manejo médico incluye la administración de antibióticos —por vía oral o intravenosa—, según la condición del paciente, y el drenaje percutáneo previo diagnóstico tomográfico. La cirugía se practica cuando el paciente presenta perforación, pero la primera elección es el manejo médico y, después, practicar la cirugía electiva.

When acute diverticulitis is belatedly diagnosed and the clinical symptoms are evident, the risk of complications and mortality increases, therefore the main purpose of this review is to remind the importance of approach and consider this pathology into the differential diagnosis made in emergency room. Diverticulitis is a pathology that compromises the elderly population, but more aggressive when occur in the population under 50 years old; this pathology affects the left colon. It is usually sub-diagnosed and once it is diagnosed, both hospital stay and recurrence arise. Diverticulitis is classified in two stages: complicated and uncomplicated; treated by oral antibiotics or intravenously, and in most cases patients are treated with percutaneous drainage. However, if the patients present with perforations, a surgical intervention will be required. The first choice is medical management but when necessary the elective surgery might be considered.

Diverticulosis y consumo de nueces, maíz y palomitas de maíz "pochoclo" / Diverticular disease and nuts, corn, popcorn consumption

A partir del caso de un paciente con diverticulosis oligosintomática, se plantea la utilidad de la restricción del consumo de nueces y semillas con el objetivo de prevenir complicaciones de la enfermedad diverticular. Se plantea la pregunta con el formato PICO, y se describe la mejor evidencia obtenida -una única investigación observacional en forma de un prolijo estudio de cohortes en la que el consumo de dichos alimentos no mostró asociación con la incidencia de enfermedad diverticular complicada, salvo un efecto preventivo de las palomitas de maiz- concluyéndose que la indicación de restringir el consumo de estos alimentos no estaría indicada.

Clinical Significance of Colonic Diverticulosis Associated with Bowel Symptoms and Colon Polyp

This study was done to evaluate prospectively the clinical significance of colonic diverticulosis. In the 1,030 consecutive outpatients undergoing colonoscopy, the information on the demographics, the patterns of bowel symptoms, and the prevalence of colon polyp were analyzed according to the presence of colonic diverticulosis. The mean age of 1,030 patients were 52.2 yr and 59.3% were male. The prevalence of diverticulosis was 19.7% (203/1,030). Of 203 diverticulosis patients 85.2% were in proximal group, 5.4% in distal group and 9.4% in both group. Six (3.0%) patients were found to have diverticulitis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an old age, diabetes and the presence of polyp were significant factors associated with proximal or both diverticulosis. A significant difference was demonstrated between the patients of distal diverticular group and the controls for the symptom frequency scores within the previous 4 weeks. The items, which showed difference, were hard stool, urgency, flatus, chest discomfort and frequent urination. In conclusion, old age, diabetes and the presence of colon polyp were associated with proximal diverticulosis. The temporal symptoms were more frequent in distal diverticulosis than in proximal diverticulosis in the study subjects.

Diverticulitis aguda perforada simulando prostatitis aguda / Perforated acute diverticulitis mimicking acute prostatitis

We present an unfrequent case of acute diverticulitis mimmicking acute prostatitis. Case report: A 72-year-old man suffering from hypogastric and genital pain, fever and dysuria, with an edematous and tender prostate at physical examination, was initially diagnosed of acute prostatitis. 24 hours later the patient developed left lower quadrant pain and abdominal distension. A CT scan was performed, showing pneumoperitoneum and acute sigmoid diverticulitis signs. The patient underwent a Hartmann's procedure.

Presentamos un caso infrecuente de diverticulitis aguda con manifestaciones clínicas sugerentes de prostatitis aguda. Caso clínico: Varón de 72 años, presenta dolor hipogástrico y en región genital, fiebre y disuria, palpándose una próstata edematosa y dolorosa al tacto rectal, por lo que es inicialmente diagnosticado de prostatitis aguda. A las 24 horas el paciente desarrolla un cuadro de distensión abdominal y dolor en fosa ilíaca izquierda. Una TC abdominal mostró neumoperitoneo y signos de diverticulitis aguda. Se intervino al paciente realizando una intervención de Hartmann.

Curso de Atualização em Emergências Médicas: 16: diverticulite aguda / Course of Updating in Medical Emergencies: 16: acute diverticulites

Diverticulite é uma complicação inflamatória aguda dos tecidos peridiverticulares em consequência à perfuração de pseudodivertículos colônicos. A doença diverticulite é a doença colônica mais comum no mundo ocidental. Dois principais fatores estão envolvidos na formação dos divertículos colônicos: uma dieta pobre em fibras e a fragilidade relativa nas áreas de penetração das artérias nutrientes na parede do cólon. Na sua forma complicada - diverticulite - a apresentação mais típica é a dor no quadrante inferior esquerdo (OIE), febre, calafrios e taquicardia. Os autores relata a fisiopatologia, o diagnóstico clínico e o diagnóstico diferencial. Analisam também os exames de imagem utilizados e suas principais indicações, além das complicações e terapêuticas.

Diverticulite aguda complicada tratada por cirurgia laparoscópica assistida com a mão (Hals): descrição da técnica e revisão da literatura / Complicated diverticulitis operated with the hand assisted approach (Hals): description and literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença diverticular é freqüente em nosso meio e o tratamento clínico é suficiente para a grande maioria dos casos. No entanto, o tratamento cirúrgico fica reservado para as formas complicadas da doença, para o insucesso da terapia clínica e nos casos de imunossupressão. A cirurgia laparoscópica vem ganhando espaço como modalidade terapêutica na doença diverticular, diminuindo o tempo de internação e melhorando o resultado cosmético e funcional apesar de algumas dificuldades inerentes ao método. OBJETIVO: O objetivo dos autores é descrever a técnica de cirurgia laparoscópica assistida com a mão em dois casos de diverticulite complicada (um caso de fístula colo-vesical e outro de abscesso) e rever a literatura mundial. RESULTADOS: Um paciente apresentando fístula colo-vesical foi submetido ao tratamento laparoscópico assistido com a mão (HALS). O tempo operatório foi de 183 minutos e a alta se deu no 4°. dia pós-operatório. Outro paciente, portador de abscesso diverticular, submetido ao mesmo método, com tempo operatório de 145 minutos, recebeu alta no 5°. dia pós-operatório. Não houve morbidade nem mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica (Hals) alia vantagens de ambos os métodos, parece ser mais rápida e segura permitindo o tratamento de diverticulite complicada. Mais estudos são necessários.

The laparoscopic surgery for diverticular disease has become a very good alternative. The hand-assisted allows combining the advantages of conventional surgery such as tactile perception, masses mobilization without trauma, vascular control with the magnifying laparoscopic view. Difficult cases of diverticulitis can be treated with the hand-assisted approach. The authors revised the literature and describe the technique utilized in 2 cases of complicated diverticulitis. RESULTS: Two patients were operated on a hand-assisted approach. One had fistula with the bladder. The operative time was 183 minutes and hospitalization period about 4 days. Other had a sigmoid abscess. The operative time was 145 minutes and hospitalization period about 5 days. There were no morbidities. CONCLUSION: The hand-assisted approach allies advantages of both methods and it seems to be safer and fast allowing laparoscopic techniques for complicated diverticulitis. More studies are necessary.